No Laravel 5 os elementos do MVC ficam nos diretórios:

Models - /app

Controllers - /app/Http/Controllers

Views - /resources/views

Como é importante vou citar o routes

Routes - /routes/web.php (existem outros arquivos, mas este é o principal a ser alterado)

Crie o aplicativo
Crie o banco de dados
Configure o banco

Rode o scaffold do Laravel executando:
php artisan make:auth
php artisan migrate

Ele traz forms de login, registro, recuperação de senha, com views, routes e o controller Home

php artisan serve

Acesse
http://localhost:8000

No controller Users adicionar para maior controle
public function __construct(){
$this->middleware(['auth']);
}

Auth::routes();

Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function () {
Route::resource('/', 'HomeController');
Route::resource('home', 'HomeController');
Route::resource('noticias', 'NoticiasController');
});

Route::resource('clientes', 'ClientesController',['middleware' => 'auth']);

Para que ao abrir seja solicitado o login, mudar as rotas:

Auth::routes();

Route::get('/', 'HomeController@index')->name('home');


Criar rota tipo post

Route::post('clientes/salvar', 'ClientesController@salvar');

Mensagem num método salvar, após cadastrar

\Session::flash('mensagem_sucesso', 'Cliente cadastrado com sucesso');

Na view salvar

<div class="panel-body">
@if(Session::has('mensagem_sucesso'))
<div class="alert alert-success">{{ Session::get('mensagem_sucesso') }}</div>
@endif
...

Vide:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qkWJ2ABNMc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZA-P_D1xIk

O laravel tem bem pouca convenção e podemos facilmente trabalhar com ele sem convenção.

Nome de tabela - plural (clientes)
model - singluar e CamelCase (Cliente)
controller - CamelCase e plural (ClientesController)
view - plural e minúsculas (clientes)
A chave primária de cada tabela é ID
Cada tabela contém os campos created_at e updated_at, que podem ser deixados de lado

Não precisa seguir. Podemos arterar várias no model.

<?php

namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Cliente extends Model
{
protected $table = 'clientes';
protected $primaryKey = 'id';
protected $fillable = ['nome', 'email'];
public $timestamp = true;
protected $connection = 'connection-name'; //Somente caso use uma conexão diferente da default
}

Detalhes sobre o Faker

https://github.com/fzaninotto/Faker

Faker com seed
php artisan make:seeder ClientesTableSeeder

Exemplos

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Faker\Factory as Faker;

class ClientesTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,100) as $index) {
DB::table('clientes')->insert([
'nome' => $faker->name,
'nascimento' => $faker->dateTime($max = 'now'),
'fone' => $faker->tollFreePhoneNumber,
'observacao' => $faker->catchPhrase,
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}
}
}

$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,5) as $index) {
DB::table('users')->insert([
'name' => $faker->name,
'email' => $faker->email,
'password' => bcrypt('123456'),
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}

$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,100) as $index) {
DB::table('posts')->insert([
'user_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 5),
'title' => $faker->name,
'description' => $faker->catchPhrase,
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}

$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,100) as $index) {
DB::table('pedidos')->insert([
'cliente_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 100),
'vendedore_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 100),
'data' => $faker->dateTime($max = 'now'),
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}

$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,100) as $index) {
DB::table('pedido_itens')->insert([
'estoque_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 100),
'quantidade' => $faker->regexify('[1-9]{2,4}'),
'preco' => $faker->regexify('[1-9]{4,6}'),
'pedido_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 100),
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}

Rodando o seed apenas na tabela Clientes
php artisan db:seed --class=ClientesTableSeeder

'first_name' => $faker->firstName,
'last_name' => $faker->lastName,
'username' => str_replace('.', '_', $faker->unique()->userName),
'email' => $faker->email,
'password' => $faker->word,
'active' => $faker->boolean($chanceOfGettingTrue = 90),
'role_id' => rand(3,5)
'address' => $faker->address,
'DOB' => $faker->date('Y-m-d')
$faker->randomNumber

$faker = Faker::create();
foreach (range(1,100) as $index) {
DB::table('clientes')->insert([
'nome' => $faker->name,
'cpf' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 10000000000, $max = 90009999999),
'nascimento' => $faker->dateTime($max = 'now'),
'email' => $faker->email,
'created_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString(),
'updated_at' => \Carbon\Carbon::createFromDate(2017,05,24)->toDateTimeString()
]);
}

Passando variável do Model Post para o controller PostsController

Model Post

public $msg='Ribamar';

PostsController

use App\Post;

public function index(Post $post)
{
$ms = $post->msg;
print $ms;exit;

}

Caso não importe o model no início, podemos fazer assim:
public function index()
{
$post = new \App\Post;
$ms = $post->msg;
print $ms;exit;
}

Passando um método do Model para o Controller

Post
public function teste()
{
$var1 = 'João';
$var2 = 'Pedro';
$var3 = 'Joaquim';

return compact('var1','var2','var3');
}

PostsController

use App\Post;
public function index(Post $post)
{
$ret= $post->teste();

print $ret['var1'].'<br>';
print $ret['var2'].'<br>';
print $ret['var3'];
exit;
return 'Método index';
}

Criar variável que fique disponível para todas as views

app\Htpp\Controllers\Controller.php

Adicionar:

function __construct()
{
return \View::share('usuario', 'Ribamar');
}

Na View

<h3>Usuário {{$usuario}}</h3>

Ou então usando o méetodo boot do app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

public function boot()
{
return \View::share('usuario', 'Ribamar');
}

Na view
<h3>Usuário {{$usuario}}</h3>


Criar Controller base extendendo Controller
E demais extendendo del

class BasicoController extends Controller {

protected $cdata;

public function __construct()
{
$this->cdata = 'Something';
}

}

class ClientesController extends BasicoController {

public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();

dd($this->cdata);
}

}

Detalhes em:
https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/blade

@section('title', '| Criar novo Post');

Criar select vindo do banco:

<select id="role" class="form-control" name="role" required>
@foreach($roles as $id => $role)
<option value="{{$id}}">{{$role}}</option>
@endforeach
</select>

@extends('layouts.app') <!-- importa o arquivo app.blade.php da pasta layouts -->

@section('sidebar')
This is the master sidebar.
@show

@for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
The current value is {{ $i }}
@endfor

@foreach ($users as $user)
@if ($user->type == 1)
@continue
@endif

<li>{{ $user->name }}</li>

@if ($user->number == 5)
@break
@endif
@endforeach

@forelse ($users as $user)
<li>{{ $user->name }}</li>
@empty
<p>No users</p>
@endforelse

@while (true)
<p>I'm looping forever.</p>
@endwhile

@if (count($records) === 1)
I have one record!
@elseif (count($records) > 1)
I have multiple records!
@else
I don't have any records!
@endif

@isset($records)
// $records is defined and is not null...
@endisset

@empty($records)
// $records is "empty"...
@endempty

@can('update', $post)

@endcan

@role('admin') // @if(Auth::check() && Auth::user()->is('admin'))
// user is admin
@endrole

@permission('edit.articles') // @if(Auth::check() && Auth::user()->can('edit.articles'))
// user can edit articles
@endpermission

@allowed('edit', $article) // @if(Auth::check() && Auth::user()->allowed('edit', $article))
// show edit button
@endallowed

@role('admin|moderator', 'all') // @if(Auth::check() && Auth::user()->is('admin|moderator', 'all'))
// user is admin and also moderator
@else
// something else
@endrole

Forms

Value guardar o valor digitado
<input type="text" name="username" value="{{ old('username') }}">

Console interativa do php

Executar:
php artisan tinker

Exemplos de Comandos
use App\Post;
Post::create(['title'=>'Título do Post', 'content'=>'Conteúdo do Post']);

Post::create(['title'=>'Título do Post2', 'content'=>'Conteúdo do Post2']);

use App\Comment;
Comment::create(['post_id'=>1, 'comment'=>'Comentário']);

$p = Post::find(1);

$p->comments; //Lista comentários do post acima, pois estão relacionados

$c = Comment::find(1);

$c->post // Trará o post relacionado com o comentário

$user = App\User::find(1);


$c->post->title;

// see the count of all users
App\User::count();

// find a specific user and see their attributes
App\User::where('username', 'samuel')->first();

// find the relationships of a user
$user = App\User::with('posts')->first();
$user->posts;

App\User::all();

Criar novo user
$user = new App\User;
$user->name = "Wruce Bayne";
$user->email = "iambatman@savegotham.com";
$user->password = Hash::make('123456');
$user->save();

Deletando
$user = App\User::find(1);
$user->delete();

class Order extends Eloquent {}
$order = new Order;
$order->title = 'Xbox One';
$order->save();

echo Config::get('app.url');

use App\Role;
$r = new Role;

$r->name = 'Admin';
$r->slug = 'admin';
$r->description = 'manager admin privilege';
$r->save();

Atualização
$r = new Role();
$r->update(['id' =>1,'description'=>'manage super privilege']);

use App\Role;
$r = Role::create(['id'=>2, 'name'=>'Manager', 'slug'=>'manager','description'=>'manager manager privilege']);

É importante validar todos os dados vindos de formulários.

No método store (que é o form para Add Novo) do controller Clientes e no edit, que é o form de edição

public function store(Request $request)
{

$requestData = $request->all();

// Validação
$this->validate($request, [
'nome' => 'required|min:3|max:45',
'cpf' => 'min:11|max:11|unique:clientes',
'nascimento' => 'date|date_format:Y-m-d' // nullable| torna opcional
],[ // Mensagens
'nome.required' => ' O nome é obrigatório.',
'cpf.required' => ' O CPF é obrigatório.',
'cpf.min' => ' O CPF precisa ter 11 dígitos.',
'nascimento.date' => 'Nascimento precisa ter uma data válida e Y-m-d'
]);

Cliente::create($requestData);

Session::flash('flash_message', 'Cliente added!');

return redirect('clientes');
}


public function messages()
{
return [
'cpf.cpf' => 'CPF inválido'
];
}


public $rules = [
'nome' => 'required|min:3|max:45',
'cpf' => 'min:11|max:11|unique',
'nascimento' => 'date|date_format:Y-m-d',
'email' => 'required|email|unique:users, email,'.$id,
'password' => 'required|same:confirm-password',
];

numero => numeric
'email' => 'required|email|unique:clientes',


Validação via rules

Route::post('clientes', function()
{

// process the form here

// create the validation rules ------------------------
$rules = array(
'nome' => 'required|min:3|max:45',
'cpf' => 'min:11|max:11|unique:clientes',
'nascimento' => 'nullable|date|date_format:Y-m-d'
'email' => 'required|email|unique:clientes',
);

// do the validation ----------------------------------
// validate against the inputs from our form
$validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules);

// check if the validator failed -----------------------
if ($validator->fails()) {

// get the error messages from the validator
$messages = $validator->messages();

// redirect our user back to the form with the errors from the validator
return Redirect::to('clientes')
->withErrors($validator);

} else {
// validation successful ---------------------------

// our cliente has passed all tests!
// let him enter the database

// create the data for our cliente
$cliente = new Cliente;
$cliente->nome = Input::get('nome');
$cliente->cpf = Input::get('cpf');
$cliente->nascimento = Input::get('nascimento');
$cliente->email = Input::get('email');


// save our cliente
$cliente->save();

// redirect ----------------------------------------
// redirect our user back to the form so they can do it all over again
return Redirect::to('clientes');

}

});